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In another word, Maven is a Java tool. If you want to create a sample project or skeleton project you can use Maven. It is an automated build tool. The Maven focused on simplicity that it generates intelligent starters and assumes intelligence defaults. It also covers build-oriented phases in Application Lifecycle Management i.e. testing, deployment, builds management, and release versioning.
There is more than thousand Java project as there are templates, skeleton provided to you by Maven so that you do not have to remember a basic configuration detail or a basic setup of that particular type of project which Maven is going to give it to you. It includes examples like basic Java project, Spring Project, Spring MVC, Spring Web Flow, and Spring Boot.
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It helps to set up projects very quickly and it avoids complicated build files like build.xml. Maven required files like; it serves the purpose for Maven only.
POM.xml
is a collection of dependencies of your Java Project which one can specify to Maven and then Maven will download all of them from the internet and then store it to some repository i.e. local repository, central repository, and remote repository.
It helps to not bundle all the jars in your package i.e. in your War file or Ear file because all of them are going store in the repository and wherever you install this application that repository will be used for any dependencies lookup. So, your Jar file, War file or Ear file, or your bundle deployment will be very light.
1. Directory Name
2. Purpose
3. Project home
4. Contains the
POM.xml
and all subdirectories.
5. Src/main/Java
6. Contains the deliverable Java source code for the project.
7. Src/main/resources
8. Contain the deliverable resources for the project.
9. Src/test/Java
10. Contains the testing Java source code.
11. Src/test/resources
12. Contains resources necessary for testing.
1. The first phase is the Validate Phases. It checks whether everything is in order i.e. the configuration is running properly, the code is placed in a proper way. This kind of validation check is done in the validation phase.
2. Next comes the compiler phases. It compiles everything together and stores it.
3. The third comes to the test phases. Here we run the test cases which are specified for the code.
4. The fourth phase is the package phase. Package file ends up in Jar file or War file or Ear file depending on what we have specified on the
POM.xml.
5. The fifth phase is the install phase. It installs to your local Maven repository.
6. The sixth phase is called the deploy phase.
pom.xml
4. Every pom extends the super POM
All your code and resources are placed in the src directory.
The main/Java directory holds your project code.
Archetypes are templates to create a variety of Java project structures, including web applications specific to a container such as Wildfly. In other words, it is a tool that creates the stuff you build the project on top of.
Project Types:
[Check Out: Maven Tutorials]
In Maven a repository is used as a storage folder or a directory to store your projects, your files such as Jar, War, or Ear files that can be later used by the Maven application or tool. It works as a whole library of files that is easily accessible and can be easily located in your system without any trouble and then can be used by Maven.
There are three types of repositories present in Maven. This includes Local Repository, Central Repository, and Remote Repository.
Local Repository- This local repository is located on your local system and it works when you run a maven command. Maven local repository command is
%USER_HOME%/.m2
directory.
Central Repository- Installation from the repository is performed on creating a project from archetype or resolving the dependency.
Remote Repository- This repository is located on the web. It is just a network-accessible location that Maven downloads dependencies from. All the artifacts that the remote repository contains are open source.
Make sure JDK is installed, and
‘JAVA_HOME’
the variable is added as a Windows environment variable.
Add both
M2_HOME
and
MAVEN_HOME
variable in the Windows environment, and point it to your Maven folder.
Lifestyle executed in terms of phases:
Maven does not require any high configuration to use. It requires only very minimal and simple system requirements for the users:
(JAVA_HOME)
4. Internet Connection
5. For interacting with the repository.
6. Downloading dependencies.
Download Maven from:
https://maven.apache.org./download.html
Choose the .zip format.
Extract Maven to:
/usr/local/maven – Unix / Linux
C: Program Filesmaven – Windows
Maven as an application has a limited number of commands
“Command” is a way of invoking the maven lifecycle.
Other “Commands” are defined through plugins.
Core Maven functionality is simplistic:
Plugins encapsulate build related functionality:
%>mvn plugin_name:goal
Four goals associated with archetype plugin:
Compile– The library is available while compiling and running, main code, and test code.
Provided – The library is available at compile time but will not be packaged with your code at run-time. Typically this is used when running on an app-server that will provide its chosen version of the library to all running applications.
Runtime – The library is not around for compilation but is around at run-time.
Test – Only include the library when compiling/running unit tests.
System – Refer to a library on this computer by filename; useful for libraries built into the system.
Maven Artifact consists of files like Jar file or War file that result in the expansion of the specific file in the Maven repository. The Jar file can use as an artifact in Maven. The Maven Artifact determined by a group ID name to run the Maven Artifact in the Maven. They can contain files like Ear, Jar, and War or Zip files as well. Maven Artifact is used for specifying applications to locate a name or package. It is usually stored in your system repository.
You can locate dependency in the local repository system of your software. Sometimes, it is difficult to locate or identify in the local repository. So, I can find or look in the central repository system and if it shows the dependency missing then one can look in the remote repository to find the dependency. If it still shows the same thing repeatedly then the system will show an error in finding the dependencies. And if the dependencies are found in the local repository then it will be automatically downloaded to the central repository for future use.
External Dependency plays an important part in the Maven software. It is an internal part of the system without which dependency cannot be located in a system. To specify the external dependency we need:
There are several steps to follow while implying project deployment in Maven. These steps include:
The goals mentioned here in the Maven suggest the managing and building process requires creating a project. There is no limitation to follow the goals in Maven; it can build as many phases as it wants with zero boundations. You directly achieve your goal without any kind of outside intervention.
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Madhavi Gundavajyala is a Content contributor at Mindmajix.com. She is passionate about writing articles and blogs on trending technologies, project management topics. She is well-versed on AI & Machine Learning, Big data, IoT, Blockchain, STLC, Java, Python, Apache technologies, Databases.