Oracle is one of the most widely used databases in the enterprise world. As organizations increasingly rely on data-driven decision-making and face the challenges of managing large volumes of data, there is a growing demand for professionals who can optimize Oracle database performance. Thorough knowledge of Oracle performance testing features and techniques is a must to outperform in an interview. Explore the following 55 Oracle Performance Testing interview questions that you might encounter during an interview process.
If you're looking for Oracle Performance Tuning Interview Questions for Experienced or Freshers, you are at the right place. There are a lot of opportunities from many reputed companies in the world. According to research, Oracle Performance Tuning has a market share of about 40.3%. So, You still have the opportunity to move ahead in your career in Oracle Performance Tuning Development.
Mindmajix offers Advanced Oracle Performance Tuning Interview Questions 2024 that help you in cracking your interview & acquire a dream career as Oracle Performance Tuning Developer.
Types of Oracle Performance Tuning Interview Questions
Ans: Making optimal use of the system using existing resources is called performance tuning.
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Ans: Optimizer is a mechanism that will make the execution plan of an SQL statement
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Ans: optimizer_mode= rule—-RBO cost—CBO choose——–First CBO otherwise RBO
Ans: CBO
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Ans: analyze table emp compute statistics or analyze table emp estimate statistics
Ans: If you use compute, The FTS will happen, if you use estimate just 10% of the table will be read
Ans: RBO
Ans: table emp delete statistics
Ans: exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(Scott)
Ans: select num_rows,blocks,empty_blocks from dba_tables where tab_name=’emp’
Ans: These are rows, it spans multiple blocks
Ans: fnd_stats package
Ans: by going v$sql and v$sql_area
Ans: It's a road map of how SQL is being executed by oracle DBA?
Ans: dba_indexes and dba_ind_columns
Ans: cursor_sharing=force
Ans: by going v$session_longops
Ans: alter system flush shared_pool
Ans: using v$sysstat
Ans: v$librarycache
Ans: v$mystat
Ans: using tkprof — usage: tkprof allllle.trc llkld.txt
Ans: Buffer hit and library hit
Ans: CPU time and direct path read
Ans: Multiple extents in and of themselves aren’t bad. However, if you also have chained rows this can hurt performance Tuning.
Ans: You should always attempt to use the Oracle Flexible Architecture standard or another partitioning scheme to ensure proper separation of SYSTEM, ROLLBACK, REDO LOG, DATA, TEMPORARY, and INDEX segments.
Ans: Ensure that users don’t have the SYSTEM tablespace as their TEMPORARY or DEFAULT tablespace assignment by checking the DBA_USERS view.
Ans: Poor data dictionary or library cache hit ratios, getting error ORA-04031. Another indication is steadily decreasing performance with all other tuning parameters the same.
Ans: Oracle almost always reads in 64k chunks. The two should have a product equal to 64 or a multiple of 64.
Ans: Fetch by rowid
Ans: A tkprof tool is a tuning tool used to determine CPU and execution times for SQL statements.
You use it by first setting timed_statistics to true in the initialization file and then turning on tracing for either the entire database via the sql_trace parameter or for the session using the ALTER SESSION command.
Once the trace file is generated you run the tkprof tool against the trace file and then look at the output from the tkprof tool. This can also be used to generate explain plan output.
Ans: If you get excessive disk sorts this is bad. This indicates you need to tune the sort area parameters in the initialization files. The major sort is parameter is the SORT_AREA_SIZe parameter.
Ans: When you get excessive contention for the copy latches as shown by the “redo copy” latch hit ratio.
You can increase copy latches via the initialization parameter LOG_SIMULTANEOUS_COPIES to twice the number of CPUs on your system.
Ans: You can look in the init.ora file for an indication of manually set parameters. For all parameters, their value, and whether or not the current value is the default value, look in the v$parameter view.
Ans: Hit ratio is a measure of how many times the database was able to read a value from the buffers versus how many times it had to re-read a data value from the disks.
A value greater than 80-90% is good, less could indicate problems. If you take the ratio of existing parameters this will be a cumulative value since the database started. If you do a comparison between pairs of readings based on some arbitrary time span, this is the instantaneous ratio for that time span.
Generally speaking, an instantaneous reading gives more valuable data since it will tell you what your instance is doing for the time it was generated over.
Ans: Row chaining occurs when a VARCHAR2 value is updated and the length of the new value is longer than the old value and won’t fit in the remaining block space.
This results in the row chaining to another block. It can be reduced by setting the storage parameters on the table to appropriate values.
It can be corrected by the export and import of the affected table.
Ans: Buffer busy waits may indicate contention in redo, rollback, or data blocks. You need to check the v$waitstat view to see what areas are causing the problem.
The value of the “count” column tells where the problem is, the “class” column tells you with what. UNDO is rollback segments, DATA is database buffers.
Ans: Increase the size of the shared pool.
Ans: Rollback segments and associated structures.
Ans: The SMON process won’t automatically coalesce its free space fragments.
Ans: In Oracle 7.0 to 7.2 The use of the ‘alter session set events ‘immediate trace name coalesce level ts#’;’ command is the easiest way to defragment contiguous free space fragmentation.
The ts# parameter corresponds to the ts# value found in the ts$ SYS table. In version 7.3 the ‘alter tablespace coalesce;’ is best.
If free space isn’t contiguous then exporting, drop and import of the tablespace contents may be the only way to reclaim non-contiguous free space.
Ans: If a selection against the dba_free_space table shows that the count of a tablespaces extents is greater than the count of its data files, then it is fragmented.
Ans: redo log space requests 23
redo log space wait time 0
Is this something to worry about? What if the redo log space wait time is high? How can you fix this?
Since the wait time is zero, no. If wait time was high it might indicate a need for more or larger redo logs.
Ans: A high value for recursive calls is caused by improper cursor usage, excessive dynamic space management actions, and or excessive statement re-parses.
You need to determine the cause and correct it By either relinking applications to hold cursors, using proper space management techniques (proper storage and sizing) or ensure repeat queries are placed in packages for proper reuse.
Ans: This indicates that the shared pool may be too small. Increase the shared pool size.
Ans: Yes, you should strive for zero reloads if possible. If you see excessive reloads then increase the size of the shared pool.
Ans: A large number of small shrinks indicates a need to increase the size of the rollback segment extents. Ideally, you should have no shrinks or a small number of large shrinks.
To fix this just increase the size of the extents and adjust optimal accordingly.
Ans: A large number of wraps indicates that your extent size for your rollback segments is probably too small.
Increase the size of your extents to reduce the number of wraps. You can look at the average transaction size in the same view to get the information on transaction size.
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ROLLBACK CUR EXTENTS
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Ans: No there is no problem. You have 40 extents showing and an average of 40 concurrent users. Since there is plenty of room to grow no action is needed.
Ans: As long as they are all the same size this isn’t a problem. In fact, it can even improve performance since Oracle won’t have to create a new extent when a user needs one.
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How do you collect statistics of a user/schema?
How do you flush the shared pool?
How do you see the trace files?
How do you set up tablespaces during an Oracle installation?
If you see contention for library caches how can you fix it?
What can cause a high value for recursive calls? How can this be fixed?