Preparing the top MVC interview questions and answers will help you succeed in your software or web application developer interviews. To crack the interview, you should brush up your knowledge of MVC-related concepts such as ASP.NET, design patterns, spring framework, viewdata, razor view engine, View bag, and Temp data. Here's a list of real-time MVC interview questions from top tech companies posted on the internet. So, let's get started!
ASP.NET MVC is an open-source program used to create modern applications with user interfaces. Its online development framework combines the characteristics of MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture and techniques from the agile development platform.
We've put together a list of 50 top MVC interview questions and answers for the candidates to improve their knowledge and help ace the interview.Mindmajix experts curated the interview questions into three different sections:
MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a software design pattern used frequently to construct user interfaces, data, and controlling logic. It emphasizes the separation between the business logic and the appearance of the software. This "separation of concerns" allows for a more efficient division of labor and improved maintenance.
MVC framework is often defined in the System.Web.Mvc file.
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Microsoft's ASP.NET MVC is essentially a web development framework that combines the greatest elements of the pre-existing ASP.NET platform with the latest ideas and approaches from Agile development.
Related Article: ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions |
Model: It is a business entity used to represent the application data.
Controller: When a user sends a request, it always goes through the controller. The controller's job is to send the request to a specific view using the View() method.
View: It's the part of ASP.Net MVC that handles how things look.
In any MVC application, you must add the "JSONRESULT" class to your application to send the result back in JSON format.
Yes, MVC supports session maintenance. Additionally, MVC session maintenance includes temporary data, a view bag, and view data.
A Java framework called Spring MVC is used to make web applications. It uses the basic parts of a core spring framework, such as inversion of control and dependency injection, to follow the MVC design patteren.
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MVC web application has two primary execution processes, first analyzing the request object and then sending an appropriate answer based on the request type. The two fundamental steps of the MVC application life cycle are creating the request object and transmitting the response to the browser.
Four fundamental stages are required to create the request object:
Step 1: Fill in the route first.
Step 2: Retrieve the route.
Step 3: Create a request context.
Step 4: Create a controller instance.
Return types of controller action methods include:
ASP.Net MVC's "page lifecycle" works in the order:
Some benefits of Model-View-Controller (MVC) are as follows:
There are two options for imposing limitations on a route plan.
If you use multiple filters, the filter order will be as follows:
Various validator types are Range, Required, StringLength variety, and DataType.
Model binding in MVC converts HTTP request data into parameters for action methods. To use the data in action methods, we must retrieve it from requests. The action method removes the repetitive work of obtaining data from HTTPRequest.
Ajax can be implemented in MVC in two methods. They have listed below:
Whether it's a Windows Forms application or a website, you may use exception handling to deal with MVC errors. The HandleError attribute aids in providing built-in exception filters and operates globally across action methods and controllers. You can override the Controller's "OnException" event. Set "Result" to the name of the View you wish to invoke when an error occurs.
A partial view is a piece of HTML that can be added to an existing DOM without causing problems. Most of the time, partial views are used to break up Razor views into their individual parts and make them easier to build and change. It can also be sent back from controller methods directly. In this case, the browser still gets text/HTML content, but not necessarily HTML content that makes up an entire page. So, an incomplete page may be shown if a URL that only gives a partial view is typed directly into a browser's address bar. This could be a page that needs a title, script, or style sheet.
"ActionFilters" in MVC helps you run logic while an MVC action is being run or is running.
According to Microsoft, Razor is favored due to its lightweight nature and clear syntax.
The three most important MVC routing segments are
"ActionResult" is an abstract class, and "ViewResult" is a class that is based on "AbstractResult." Some classes are based on "ActionResult," such as "JsonResult," "FileStreamResult," and "ViewResult."
If you are dynamically making different types of views, "ActionResult" is the best.
ViewBag: ViewBag is a Wrapper that goes around the ViewData. It is a dynamic property that uses the dynamic features of C# 4.0. Data does not have to be typecast before it is used, just like ViewData. ViewBag only has a life span from Controller to View.
Example: ViewBag.Message = "Test Data";
ViewData: ViewData is based on ViewDataDictionary, so it stores data in a key-value format like a dictionary. Keys are in String and represent the name of an object, while Values are objects. As the data in ViewData is stored as an object, it must be cast to its original type before it can be used. When getting data, you also have to do the NULL check. ViewData exists from the Controller to the View.
Example: ViewData["Message"] = "Test Data";
TempData: TempData is derived from the TempDataDictionary class and is also a Dictionary object consisting of Keys and Values, where Keys are Strings representing the object's name, and Values are objects. As the data is in object format, typecasting is required before using it and requires NULL checks during retrieval. TempData has a longer lifespan than ViewData and ViewBag. TempData can transmit data from the Controller to the View and the Controller to the Controller. Additionally, it is available for Current and Future Requests.
Example: TempData["Message"] = "Test temp data";
The default route prevents the Controller from receiving requests for web resource files such as Webresource.axd or ScriptResource.axd.
Here are some essential considerations to keep in mind when developing an MVC application:
You should use the PHP MVC Framework because it makes it easier to work with complex technologies.
View engines, which are pluggable modules that implement different template syntax options, have always been a part of ASP.NET MVC.
The "default" view engine for ASP.NET MVC uses the same master file templates for.aspx,.ascx, and.master files as ASP.NET WebForms. Spart and Nhaml are two more view engines that come with ASP.NET MVC. The new view engine in MVC 3 is called Razor.
The MVC routes determine which controller method is run for a specific URL. Consequently, the URL has the following properties:
ASP.NET Scaffolding is a framework for building code for ASP.NET Web applications. When you wish to add code that interacts with data models quickly, you add scaffolding to your project. MVC Scaffolding can reduce the time it takes to build your project's standard data operations. Visual Studio 2013 comes with code generators for MVC and Web API projects that are already set up.
The Request.HttpMethod property can be used, as demonstrated in the code snippet below, to determine if a call to the Controller is a GET action or a POST action.
public ActionResult SomeAction(){
if (Request.HttpMethod == "POST"){
return View("SomePage");
}
else{
return View("SomeOtherPage");
}
}
All public methods in MVC are treated as Actions. So, if you're writing a method and don't want to use it as an action method, you must decorate it with the "NonAction" attribute, as shown below.
[NonAction]
public void TestMethod(){
// Method logic
}
Using the ActionLink technique, navigation is possible. The code below will generate a simple URL that navigates to the "Home" controller and executes the Gotohome action.
<%= Html.ActionLink("Home","Gotohome") %>
Razor Engine is a cutting-edge view engine introduced with MVC3. It is a new markup syntax and not a new language. Razor's new and enhanced syntax is short and expressive, decreasing the required type. Razor syntax is simple to learn and far more organized than Web Form syntax.
Razor encodes markup with the @ symbol as:
@Html.ActionLink("SignUp", "SignUp")
Using the "ActionName" feature, we can provide alias names for Web API actions in the same manner as ASP.NET MVC.
[HttpPost]
[ActionName("SaveStudentInfo")]
public void UpdateStudent(Student aStudent)
{
StudentRepository.AddStudent(aStudent);
}
There are 12 different kinds of results in MVC. The "ActionResult" class is the main type, while the other 11 are subtypes of it. The list of these subtypes is as follows:
Code blocks are run instead of code expressions, which are evaluated and sent to the response. This is an excellent way to declare variables that we might need to use later.
With Spring MVC/Spring Web MVC, you can build web apps with an MVC architecture and pre-built components.
Spring MVC is a Java-based framework for developing web applications using the Model-View-Controller design pattern. It makes use of all of the fundamental characteristics of the Spring Framework.
Spring MVC has a dignified resolution for Spring Framework MVC implementation using DispatcherServlet.
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Separation of Concerns is one of the basic elements and benefits of ASP.NET's MVC framework and is also one of its primary features. Here, the MVC framework clarifies concerns, including data, User Interface (UI), and business logic.
ASP.NET MVC includes the HtmlHelper class, which contains numerous methods for programmatically creating HTML controls. All HtmlHelper methods generate HTML and return a string as their return value. These functions build the final HTML at runtime. It is inappropriate to utilize the HtmlHelper class in controllers or models, as it is designed to produce user interfaces.
The list of Html Helper controls is below.
Html.Label
Html.Beginform
Html.TextArea
Html.Password
Html.CheckBox
Html.EndForm
Html.ListBox
Html.TextBox
Html.Hidden
Html.RedioButton
Html.DropDownList
The HandleError attribute is used, which helps provide built-in exception filters. Exception handling is usually used to handle errors, whether the app is a Windows Forms or web app. The HandleError attribute of ASP.NET can work on both the action method and the global level of the Controller.
Razor Views uses the following different file extensions:
Bundling and minification are two new techniques added to MVC whose primary goal is accelerating the request load time. It decreases the number of queries sent to the server and reduces the size of the requested item (JavaScript and CSS) to decrease the load time.
Authentication is the process of granting users access to a specific service upon identity verification using a username and password. It ensures that the correct user is logged in for a particular service and receives outstanding service based on their role.
In MVC, the default Route of project templates includes a generic route that uses the given URL resolution to split the URL based on the request into three tagged segments.
URL: “{controller} / {action} / {id}”
The database-first approach to the Entity Data Model replaces the Code First and Model First approaches. It aids in creating a model class, as well as classes, DbContext, and properties to establish a connection between the database and the Controller.
Calling the MapRoute extension method of the RouteCollection registers the route pattern.
When we want to improve the application's performance, we use output caching, which prevents duplicate content from being loaded by caching the content returned by the controller when the controller's methods are invoked. It is the best way to reduce database server round trips, server round trips, network traffic, etc.
MVC supports three types of views:
MVC offers the database, the user, and the data processing components with frontends and backends. The separation of front- and backend software systems streamlines development and separates maintenance.
The four major components of MVC are
MVC is actually made up of two life cycles:
The application life cycle begins when the application process launches the server and ends when the server is shut down, and it marks the two events in your application's startup file.
The three types of models in ASP.NET MVC are the domain model, the view model, and the input model.
The MVC model defines three logic layers for web applications:
MVC was first made for desktop computers, but significant programming languages have since used it as a design for World Wide Web applications.
The MVC pattern is used in many programming languages, including Java, Smalltalk, C and C++,.NET, Ruby on Rails, and others.
The ASP.NET Routing module is in charge of connecting requests from browsers to specific MVC controller actions.
MVC is a software design pattern that is commonly used to implement data, user interfaces, and controlling logic.
WordPress is a real-life example of MVC. WordPress is not typically praised for its structure or code quality, but it has expanded rapidly because it is so simple to create a new theme.
Sometimes you want to do logic either before or after an action method. ASP.NET MVC has filters to help with this. Filters are custom classes that can add pre-action and post-action behavior to controller action methods. This can be done both declaratively and programmatically.
To qualify in the most difficult MVC interviews, you must demonstrate your ability to think critically, develop clear solutions, and write clean and maintainable code, which you will learn by going through the top MVC interview questions and answers. Join our FULL STACK TRAINING courses to learn more and get expert tips on how to do well in an interview.
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Madhuri is a Senior Content Creator at MindMajix. She has written about a range of different topics on various technologies, which include, Splunk, Tensorflow, Selenium, and CEH. She spends most of her time researching on technology, and startups. Connect with her via LinkedIn and Twitter .