Are you planning to make your career as a QA automation professional? Have you covered all the required basic and advanced level questions? If your answer is no, then this is the guide for you. This blog contains QA automation interview questions and answers which are prepared by industry experts so that you can crack the toughest of the interviews.
The method of automating the testing of mobile apps and software programmes is known as QA automation (or automated testing). QA automation tools primarily carry out manual, repetitive testing tasks that had previously been done by a human tester.
However, now that we know what QA automation is, let us understand certain features about it before we move on to the interview questions.
Owing to the numerous features of QA automation, the demand for it is quite high. Therefore, we suggest you read further to master the interview questions to be able to crack it and bag your dream job.
For better understanding,
we have divided these questions into two categories, they are:
Top QA Automation Interview Questions
Software is never completed. A constant stream of new features, functions, bug fixes, etc. are being added by the developers. There is a chance that all of this new code will break the previously functioning functionality. Regression testing is a testing method where a tester ensures that no functionality from the old features has been broken.
Its objective is to confirm that tested and developed functionality continues to function after new code has been added. Automated regression testing is when a tester uses testing frameworks and tools to carry out the regression testing automatically.
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In automated regression testing, a tester executes the regression test suite following each fresh software release. If the tests are successful, the tester moves on to other kinds of testing. If it doesn't succeed, there's no point in continuing with the tests until the developers fix the flawed regression tests. As a result, they also save the tester time and guarantee software quality prior to release.
The test automation pyramid was first proposed by Martin Fowler[1] in 2012. It's a technique to consider how to use various test automation types to get the most benefit possible from them.
The test pyramid's main goal is to have lots of unit tests and a few comprehensive tests for the GUI. Testing the GUI is very fragile. User interfaces are evolving all the time. Many tests are easily broken up by software updates, necessitating the need to update them and adding to the team's workload. Testing the UI takes time and lengthens build times. If you have a license for the GUI testing tool, you can use it on a few machines.
According to the test pyramid, you should use more automated functional tests than you would with regular UI-automation tests. Additionally, it has a layer of service tests that act as an intermediary layer, offering many of the advantages of end-to-end UI testing without the hassles of navigating UI frameworks.
Certain tests, including usability, accessibility, exploratory testing, and non-repetitive test cases that change frequently, cannot be automated because it is neither practical nor possible.
Consider the tester's knowledge and experience as well as the complexity and importance of the feature being tested when dividing test cases.
The main objective of automated testing is to produce consistent, accurate, and reliable tests that give the tester useful feedback. The ROI on test automation begins to decline if the tests fail as a result of test-related bugs or false positives.
There are many tools available to conduct automation testing. By selecting the incorrect tool for the test at hand, time will be wasted and software that might malfunction in production will be released under false assurance.
Regardless of whether a squad uses test automation or not, using a bug dataset is a best practice. Every time a new bug is discovered, whether by a tester or an automation tool, it should be documented in a bug tracking tool along with the precise steps to replicate the bug and other information.
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Project integration is necessary when multiple engineers contribute different branches of code to a single product. Developers send their working copies to a central shared repository to ease the transition to the working mainline. Continuous integration, or simultaneous automated testing, is a technique used to maintain efficiency (CI). CI improves application performance, cuts down on bugs, and saves time.
Innumerable DevOps tool providers now provide as-a-service selections that can streamline one's testing and automation because automated testing is a fundamental component of continuous integration. Examples of tools are:
Mechanization prepares any changes as developers integrate new code into the flagship store for immediate production, resulting in smooth transitions into later build stages for more effective deployment. By incorporating new code changes into a test environment, continuous delivery builds on continuous integrations so that testing can take place in multiple dimensions beyond unit testing (UI tests, integration tests, load tests, API reliability, etc).
Data in Extensible Markup Language (XML) can be modified using the syntax known as XPath. To find nodes connected to those on the tree, use XPath Axes. There are a total of 13 axes. You will gain more points in the interview if you mention at least one of them, such as child, ancestor, parent or namespace along with the outcomes they produce.
The test-first approaches and programming practises of Test Driven Development (TDD) and Behavior Driven Development (BDD) are used to evaluate the functionality of code. Smaller portions of an application are independently tested with TDD, and the test design process frequently begins with the development of a written test case. BDD functions as a team methodology that evaluates the effectiveness of application.
The successful completion of a project depends on effective dependency management. A product typically depends on a wide variety of parts, programmes, and outside libraries that are developed by numerous teams on their own schedules. You can control the interconnections for reproducible builds using Maven. Dependencies are crucial for automation testers because a slow service could indeed destroy testability and the efficient flow of work. Int.
Through database testing, automation testers can identify flaws that go beyond functional performance. Database testing with XML technologies is ideal because validating an XML file can guarantee its completeness. Create an XMLReader object that contains an XML schema which outlines the structure of an XML document and check that the syntax confirms as well-formed in order to validate.
Selenium is an automated testing framework that offers tools for platform and browser functional testing. The architecture is improved in new versions because it is open-sourced. Selenium v4 has improved stability and browser compatibility, but in the interview, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each version.
Wait commands are used in automation tests to identify and address lagging web components. Implicit and explicit wait types are both available in Selenium. Explicit waits enable your code to stop running until a particular condition is met. Implicit waits, which essentially postpone execution so that elements have more time to load, periodically poll the DOM (the structure of an HTML element).
The Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium creates a repository where class files are kept. Development teams can work much more efficiently with code because it allows you to store artifacts and web elements. POM, in particular, permits changes at the method level, improving maintenance and code reuse.
You must conduct automation testing to verify reliability and performance because APIs offer the instructions for communication between various systems and web application components. REST over HTTP, which involves confirming the REST contract, is the most popular API testing approach.
Our primary goal is to automate test cases for sanity, smoke, and regression testing. We occasionally concentrate on end-to-end testing depending on the project and the estimated test time.
Testers of automation should be aware of what should be automated. The achievement of automation testing is heavily dependent on selecting the right test cases.
I do make sure the application is stable before choosing the test cases to automate. On the basis of this, I decide not to run test cases when the AUT constantly changes and I only run them once. Additionally, I don't automate when conducting exploratory and usability testing.
For test automation, choosing an automation tool is crucial. There are many automated testing tools available. The following are a few variables to consider when choosing an automation tool.
support for your technology and platforms
When choosing an automation tool, consider the following features:
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Testing of the CAPTCHA cannot be automated. Any effective CAPTCHA strategy has that as its main objective. Computers can't automate it by definition. If it could, it wouldn't be a good challenge for your application. If you must test a CAPTCHA-using application, you must collaborate with the development team to create a workaround or back door that enables the automated test to get around the CAPTCHA challenge. It's crucial to only use this workaround in the testing environment and not in live systems.
Completely Automated Public Scientific Process to Tell Computers and Humans Away from the Rest is referred to as CAPTCHA. Challenge-response authentication is a type of security measure that it is. The main purpose of the CAPTCHA is to safeguard you against spam and denial-of-service threats by bots and scripts by requiring you to pass a straightforward test that is challenging for computers to understand. It demonstrates that you are a human rather than a machine.
A CAPTCHA challenge has two components:
a series of letters or numbers chosen at random. To make it challenging for a computer to parse them, these alphanumeric characters might appear as warped images or concealed behind other insignificant characters.
The user is instructed to duplicate the characters into a text box. The user enters the characters in the text box to complete the test and demonstrate that they are human.
Automation testing has a life cycle that is similar to the life cycles for software design and software testing. The main stages that an automated test project goes through are listed below.
Here are the steps I will indeed take to automate the login functionality, assuming a tester has already set up the test climate and a test tool like Selenium.
There are three test library APIs in the Robot Framework.
Static API: A class or module with methods that directly map to keyword names that accept the same assertions as the effective implementation methods is referred to as having a static API.
Dynamic API: At runtime, the names of the keywords to incorporate and their implementation methods are chosen.
Dynamic and static APIs combined into a hybrid API. The methods in libraries' classes specify which keywords to enforce, but those keywords has to be directly accessible.
A growing number of people are using the open-source robotic process automation framework called Robot Framework (RPA). Robotic process automation attempts to use software to mimic the movements and interactions of people. Robotic automation can (to a certain extent) comprehend what is on the screen, press keys and buttons, navigate to links, and extract data, just like real humans can.
You can test your web applications end-to-end using Protractor, an accessible automated testing framework. It is based on WebDriverJS. Google created Protractor, which is used specifically for testing Angular applications.
The method of automating the testing of mobile apps and software programmes is known as QA automation (or automated testing). QA automation tools primarily carry out manual, repetitive testing tasks that had previously been done by a human tester.
When teams and organizations automate their testing processes, the need for human intervention decreases, resulting in increased speed, reliability, and efficiency. Additionally, because the developers can iterate quickly and receive quick feedback, it helps shorten the development cycle.
There are numerous testing methodologies, but not all of them can be automated. Take exploratory testing as an example. These automated testing methods are listed below.
Software developers create unit tests, which isolate one piece of code for testing.
Under the following circumstances, a test is a strong candidate for automation.
Despite the benefits, it is not a great idea to automate all of the testing. In the following situations, a human tester would be much more effective at testing the software than just an automated test suite.
Although there are benefits to test automation, it is impractical to automate all forms of testing. User interface checking, usability testing, and accessibility testing are some types of testing that can only be carried out by a human tester. Another testing method where a human tester adds more significance than an automated test is exploratory testing.
In the testing process, a tester randomly browses through the software, just as an end-user would, in an effort to discover any bugs, UI inconsistencies, or other hidden issues that developers may have missed. Large projects involving complex calculations and repeatable test cases benefit from automated testing. A human tester offers a higher return on investment than automation would for features which change frequently and test cases that are rarely executed.
The process of programmatically opening a web application in a browser and carrying out various actions automatically, much like a typical user would, is known as "browser automation." You can test quickly and effectively using a browser rather than a human tester. Some of the frequently used tools for in-browser testing include Protractor, Cypress, and Selenium.
You can't predict in advance which browsers the users will use when using web applications. Therefore, it's essential to test the website or web application on various operating systems and major browsers. In cross-browser testing, a type of automated browser testing, the tester determines whether the web application will function properly on various browsers. The most well-known browsers include Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and others.
Even though automation testing saves a significant amount of time even when taking into account complex and enormous systems. This makes it possible to perform testing repeatedly, resulting in better and quicker results with noticeably less effort and time spent.
When a software project is in its validation stage, automation testing is absolutely essential. It vastly improves communication between programmers, designers, and sellers of goods and gives room for potential bugs to be fixed right away, which increases the effectiveness of the development team.
The calibre of the test data being used is always a factor in how well a test works. Because creating relevant and high-quality test data takes a lot of time, testing is frequently done on copies of live databases. You can repeatedly use your data thanks to automation solutions. From the perspective of project handling and project maintenance, this reduces costs significantly.
Even though the initial investment required for automation testing is on the higher end, the company ultimately saves a significant amount of money thanks to it. The tests now take significantly less time to run, which is the main reason. Additionally, it contributes to a much higher level of work quality because there are no chances of human error.
One of the most crucial phases of the entire design and development process is testing. The ability to virtually leave automation testing unattended is its most alluring feature. This gives plenty of room for the process's final stages to involve monitoring the outcomes. This enables the application's overall efficiency to be increased.
Automation testing allows for the allocation of more tests for any application. As a result, testing coverage is increased and software anomalies are decreased. Additionally, it makes it possible to test more advanced features and applications. However, a large team and a lot of time would be needed to accomplish the same thing in a manual testing scenario.
Depending on their experience and level of expertise, testers tend to use a variety of testing methodologies and focus on various areas. With the aid of automation, testing is given equal attention in all areas, ensuring the highest quality final product while placing more of an emphasis on each component of the product. Automation testing is renowned for its atom level testing approach, which is why it is thought to be error-free.
Because of the nature of its test automation cases, test automation is repetitive in nature. In addition to being simple to configure, it offers software developers a chance to gauge how the programme will respond.
Software testing is a crucial process that guarantees quality and gives developers the assurance to release the apps to customers. Software testing that uses tools, scripts, and frameworks to automate tests in order to increase testing efficiency and speed is known as automation testing. This article discussed the value of automation testing in software development.
Additionally, Selenium and other automation testing tools were explained. Automation testing is just one element of a sound software testing strategy, though. To ship a high-quality software product, the good old exploratory and manual testing carried out by a human tester are still essential. The best long-term approach to enhancing the testing procedure is to test frequently, track results, get input, and
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Kalla Saikumar is a technology expert and is currently working as a Marketing Analyst at MindMajix. Write articles on multiple platforms such as Tableau, PowerBi, Business Analysis, SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and other courses. And you can join him on LinkedIn and Twitter.