What is MongoDB?

The collection of system components that contain groups of data that are regulated is called data storage. Management of data that consists of software, hardware, and techniques of handling the database is called a database environment. Data storage is the key element for the present technological advancements. Storage plays an important role in computing platforms. In this article, we are going to all about What is MongoDB.

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What is MongoDB?

MongoDB is a cross-platform, open-source NoSQL database, i.e., document-oriented which is programmed in C++ to provide automatic scaling with high performance and availability.

In the MongoDB data model, it is easy to split data among several servers. It automatically redistributes documents, balances data, and loads a cluster, and routes the user requests to the right machine. The following is an example of a MongoDB structure in BSON format.

Sample MongoDB document Structure 1: // class 
{
title: ‘MongoDB’,                                // declarations
by: ‘Vaishnavi Putcha’,
url: ‘https://www.mindmajix.com’,
type: ‘BSON format’
}

The architecture of MongoDB NoSQL Database

The following are the components of MongoDB architecture:

• Database
• Collection
• Document

Database

It is also called the physical container for data. Every database has its own set of files existing on the file system. In a single MongoDB server, there are multiple databases present.

Collection

The collection consists of various documents from different fields. All the collections reside within one database. In collections no schemas are present.

Document

The set of key values are assigned to the document which is in turn associated with dynamic schemas. The benefit of using these schemas is that a document may not have to possess the same fields whereas they can have different data types.

What is MongoDB as a non-relational database?

A NoSQL database is similar to any other database which doesn’t follow the traditional relational model provided by RDBMS. That is, in NoSQL databases the data is not stored in tabular form i.e, rows and columns. The data is stored in the form of graphs with vertices and edges, and JSON documents

According to the latest survey conducted by Gartner and DB-Engines rankings, MongoDB stands on top among all the NoSQL database products with more than 10 million downloads and thousands of deployments.

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What makes MongoDB different from RDBMS?

The following are the differences between MongoDB and Relational DBMS

MongoDB	RDBMS
The collection contains documents that constitute fields.	The table contains the columns and rows to store the data.
In MongoDB, the data is stored in the form of documents.	The row represents a single structured data item.
The columns are known as fields	The column represents a set of data.
Data is generally stored in a single cluster but in separate documents.	Sometimes in RDBMS data is spread across several tables to represent a complete view
There is no concept of joins	Joins sometimes form across tables to obtain the data.
It is flexible and data normalization first.	It requires data to be normalized first

Important Features of MongoDB?

• Queries support: MongoDB supports ad-hoc and document-based queries.
• Index Support: All fields in the document are indexed.
• Replication: MongoDB possesses Master-Slave replication. It uses a native application to preventing database downtime by maintaining multiple copies of data.
• Multiple Servers: Duplicate data that is stored in the database is run over multiple servers to avoid the damage caused due to hardware failure.
• Auto-sharding: The data is being distributed among several physical partitions known as shards. MongoDB has an in-built feature called automatic load balancing.
• MapReduce: It is a flexible aggregation tool that supports the MapReduce function.
• Failure Handling: In MongoDB, works effectively in case of failures such as multiple machine failures, data center failures by protecting data and making it available.
• GridFS: This feature will allow the files to divide into smaller parts and store them in different documents without complicating the stack.
• Schema-less Database: MongoDB is a schema-less database programmed in C++ language.
• Document-oriented Storage: It uses BSON format which is similar to JSON
• Procedures: MongoDB JavaScript works better than procedures as databases use the language more than procedures.

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MongoDB Application

The following example shows the method to  model a document in MongoDB:

1. The “_id” field is used to uniquely identify the document in the MongoDB collection.
2. Order data (OrderID, Product, and Quantity) is normally achieved in the separate table in RDBMS, whereas MongoDB actually stores the data in an embedded document.
3. The following is an example to embed data in a document.

{
_id : <ObjectId>,
CustomerName : Mindmajix
Order :
	{
         OrderID: 14334
         Product : Iphone Max
         Quantity : 3
}
}

Conclusion

MongoDB is the most popular among the other NoSQL type of databases. All the big data applications make use of MongoDB as a default database. The future of MongoDB is bright and professionals possessing MongoDB skills are preferred in the IT market. The demand for MongoDB is going to increase in the near future.