To understand the architecture of Kubernetes, it is necessary for you to understand what Kubernetes is and what is the primary use of this tool is all about.
Well, the article will help you understand the basic details about the Kubernetes Architecture below:
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Docker was created as a computer program where it is primarily useful for Linux users. The use of Docker is that virtualization can be done at the operating system level. This phenomenon is called containerization
[ Related Page: Docker Architecture]
Basically, it uses Linux Kernel’s resource isolation features like kernel namespace and c groups and OverlayFS so that a single virtual machine can be maintained rather than having to maintain multiple machines.
Containerization, as the name itself, suggests that it creates or helps the user to create a certain entity where he/she can perform an action. So containerization is nothing but a feature within an Operating system where it facilitates and uses the Kernel function where multiple user-space instances or spaces can be created.
So these user spaces are called or given different names, few of them are:
The concept of containerization has actually bought a lot of uniqueness in terms of how the deployment is carried out in general. This process has helped a lot of developers in order to manage their current deployment processes and reduce the effort of mitigating unwanted risks. So with this concept, the developers get to use different containers for their code so that they can have it more organized also make it granular.
[Related Page: Kubernetes Deployment Vs Kubernetes Services]
Going along with this benefit, there is also a risk element that gets into consideration. As the number of containers increases, the difficulty of managing and networking with them also increases. So configuring and also scheduling a deployment would take extra care. The networking aspects of the containers are the key to this situation.
So to effectively work, every application should answer these topics, below is the list of items that we need to look into:
Now let’s understand the core components of Kubernetes and also the important aspects of this tool is evaluated in terms of:
The above three questions are answered below which will help you understand and also feel comfortable with the topic.
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Within the group of containers, the tiniest unit where it can be scheduled for a deployment using the K8’s is called Pod.
So, going back to the Kubernetes, it is capable of managing elastic applications which in turn consists of several other services which are often called microservices. These microservices are tightly coupled so that they work hand-in-hand within a non-containerized setup.
Few important aspects that you need to know and understand about Pods:
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As discussed, the lifespan of Pods is comparatively less so the IP address associated to the pod also might be tied up and becomes unavailable, which in return makes it difficult for the communication channel between the micro-services. Imagine a situation or a scenario where your Front-end of the application is interacting with your backend services, it is the same process between the services and the Pods.
So to effectively manage the communication channel, the use of Service is brought into existence within Kubernetes. So with the use of these services, the pods are executed on proxy services, so that the communication channel is not cluttered, all of it is done via a Virtual IP address.
With the help of this concept, a lot of pods can be exposed and can be later configured for the load balancing used.
Now we understand the concepts of Pods and Services, let us now go through the main components that are available within Kubernetes:
The main components of Kubernetes:
For a complete setup to function as a whole system we have a few mandatory components that definitely need to exist and the rest of the components are optional. But in general, all together make the entire setup for Kubernetes which in return helps to execute.
Below is a high-level Kubernetes Architecture structure:
Let us know to understand the components in detail which makes the Kubernetes architecture complete. While describing the components, let us also go through what are their responsibilities.
[ Related Article:- Top Kubernetes Interview Questions ]
Within this stage, the data that is stored by K8’s is nothing but
In a sense, this stage is nothing but a shared configuration stage and service discovery.
As the name suggests, it is more sort of a scheduling process where all the available pods and services are configured properly and executed. All of this will result in terms of the deployment of a specific process or a service.
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The name implies and covey’s the activity of managing the different controllers that are available. Within the master node, different controllers can be controlled and executed according to the need.
Different controllers that are available, listed below:
A worker node is nothing but a communication bridge or a channel where it communicates to the master node from time to time and assigns the necessary resources to the designated containers so that they are scheduled all the time.
Pods are executed or run on the worker nodes themselves.
In a nutshell, kubelet is nothing but a part of worker service. It constantly communicates with the etcd storage to get the required information about the defined services and takes the information back to the master node. Also, it helps in the creation of newly created jobs.
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As the name itself suggests, the TCP and UDP packets are managed here.
It is a common prompt tool. With the help of this, it communicates to the API service, which in turn sends the commands to the master node.
To gain expertise in this field, it is necessary to make sure that you have the right foundation and a good grip on the basic concepts. This combination will be definitely helpful for you to master the concepts. It is good to go through online or in-person coaching sessions with experienced tutors where they can share their knowledge and also stress core concepts on Kubernetes.
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Sandeep is working as a Senior Content Contributor for Mindmajix, one of the world’s leading online learning platforms. With over 5 years of experience in the technology industry, he holds expertise in writing articles on various technologies including AEM, Oracle SOA, Linux, Cybersecurity, and Kubernetes. Follow him on LinkedIn and Twitter.