OpenStack skills are in demand as many companies are adopting cloud technologies. To help you stand out from the crowd, we've compiled a list of the Top OpenStack Interview Questions. Going through these questions will provide you with a full grasp and in-depth comprehension of the questions and answers that are typically asked in OpenStack interviews, allowing you to ace them.
If you are looking for OpenStack Interview Questions And Answers for Experienced 2024, you are at the right place. Here Mindmajix sharing a list of 45 interview questions on OpenStack. According to the sources, OpenStack has a global share of about 1% and it's growing rapidly. So, You still have the opportunity to move ahead in your career by choosing OpenStack. Mindmajix offers OpenStack Interview Questions that help you in cracking your interview & acquire a dream career as OpenStack Engineer.
In This Interview Questions, You Will Learn |
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The main criteria of differences between AWS and OpenStack are as follows –
Points of difference
|
AWS
|
OpenStack
|
License | The license of AWS is Amazon proprietary. | Open Source is the license of OpenStack. |
Operating medium | The medium through which operations are performed repeatedly is by using templates. | OpenStack uses text files to perform operations repeatedly. |
System of operation | Operates using the system provided by the cloud administrator. | Operates by AMIs which are put forward by AWS. |
OpenStack is a cloud computing system that manages a large volume of storage, compute, and networking resources in a data center with the help of APIs having common authentication methods. It is an open-source software freely available for both public and private clouds where networking resources and virtual servers are made available to users
The architecture of the OpenStack developmental software program is made of three main components -
For the development of any software or for the improvements of any solution, OpenStack can be of great help. It can also develop a SAAS application. These are the following benefits of using OpenStack
Mainly two types of block storage are provided by OpenStack -
The list of locations of VM images are as follows -
For scaling the compute cloud of OpenStack, Cell is used. It functions in a very simple way. Basically, the host gets divided into various groups and these are called cells.
These are the most important components of identity user management -
The token is referred to as the validation required for any kind of authentication. The generation of Token mainly occurs after the insertion of the various credentials which are done by the users. Any type of services provided by OpenStack can be accessed by Token. However, the token can be used for a specified time period, and after that, it has to be renewed. The credentials of the users must be authentic in order to create a token.
OpenStack provides various hardware templates which are found virtually and are known as Flavor. Generally, the size of the memory of any hard disk and RAM is defined by it. In fact, various components like Name, ID, Disk, Memory are all illustrated by it. The flavor can be modified in the OpenStack.
The services provided by OpenStack are managed with the help of a dashboard named Horizon and are web-based.
Data in the deleted accounts which are not used by the users are removed with the help of Account Reaper.
Cinder transfer which is considered to be a special kind of command is mainly used to transfer volume between owners.
The hardware resources can be controlled by users with the help of bare metal nodes which gives the users the right to control the bare metal driver. Its components are -
By using the command known as the bare metal interface remove, the network interface can be removed from the bare metal node.
The storage in the OpenStack is mainly handled by using Cinder.
The following are the different commands which can be used -
cd.ssh
ssh-keygen
pub_key id_rsa.pub
mykeyThe user name is mainly created by the command, sudo nova-manage user.
There are two main functions. These are as follows -
VMM which is the abbreviation of virtual machine monitor is basically defined by the Hypervisor. It is also used to define various components like firmware, hardware, and software. All these are part of the virtual machine. A hypervisor is mainly consisted of or included by the host machine or various other virtually available machines. Multiple Hypervisor is also available in the OpenStack developmental software program and can choose accordingly catering to specific uses.
The following are the lists of Hypervisors available in the OpenStack developmental software program are -
If there is an instance of creating some new functions, the notification is mainly given by the Filter Scheduler. It also helps in filtering these notifications according to their importance. Compute Nodes are the ones with whom it works. The hosts which are unfiltered get created at first and with the help of their specific properties, it gets filtered. Such filtered hosts are needed according to the total number of instances.
The following are the different types of networking options -
Some other types of networking options available are -
Hence, OpenStack allows various kinds of networking options to choose from.
SDK is the abbreviation form of the Software Development Kit and these are used for writing various python scripts and also managing them. These scripts are well connected with the OpenStack API with the help of SDK. Tasks in Python are also obtained with the help of this by calling on the Python Objects.
Two types of commands like $ nova pause
INSTANCE_NAME
and $ nova unpause
INSTANCE_NAME
are used to pause and unpause instances.
Related Article: Openstack Installation |
The functions of nova are as follows -
Swift helps in storing various objects. It helps in storing objects which are bigger in size and is also numerous in numbers. It helps in reducing data by storing such objects. Its works are often associated with a large number of sets of data. It contains data that is needed for virtual machines and other apps. Swift also has the capability of media streaming and can also secure a large number of objects stored by it. It has extreme scalability skills and can also help in backing up files and data.
The sanitization process refers to the process of the removal of certain information which is present in the media. This type is information is basically useless as these can't be reconstructed or retrieved. This process mainly includes various techniques like purging, clearing, erasing cryptographically, and also destruction. Such a process prevents the information to get out to any individuals who are unauthorized during the releases of such information in the media.
Related Article: Workflow in ServiceNow |
During the failure of the server or when the server is not seen to be perfectly functioning then the Object Storage services should not be running. Hence, it is best to close them if this problem arises. This is because to know the solution, troubleshooting must be done.
Closing the object storage service will allow it to work or function while troubleshooting is still going on. However, often such failure just needs rebooting and hence for this work which doesn't require much time, the object storage service doesn't need to be closed. Update to this service will be added once the machine gets online after rebooting.
Removing the drive from the ring is the best idea when the driver can't be replaced. But if it can be replaced, then it can be added back to the ring.
Persistent Storage / Volume Storage: This storage type is created by users and they are independent and persistent of any specific instance. Persistent storage in OpenStack are:
Keystone executes the complete API for OpenStack therefore it is the most preferred identity service in OpenStack. The Keystone Identity offers service cataloging and user management. In the service catalog, a list of available services is listed in API while in user management users and their respective access permissions are tracked. They are also responsible for providing authentication credential information of users, tenants, and roles. Policy and token services are also carried out by Keystone Identity.
Flat DHCP Network Manager: In this technique, IP addresses are fetched from the subnet for virtual machine instances but IP addresses to VM are allocated by using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).
Flat Network Manager: In this technique, IP addresses are fetched from the subnet for VM instances, and then inserted into the image while launching.
VLAN Network Manager: VLAN is better and more preferred than the above two techniques as it offers a separate and secure network to virtual machines. There is a physical switch to provide a separate virtual network and separate IP range and bridge to every tenant.
Networking hardware used in OpenStack are Networks, Subnets, Routers, and Ports Vendor Plugins
Related Article: OpenStack Networking Concepts |
Nova services can be restarted in the following order
The below command can be used to get the list of available floating IPs
~]# openstack ip floating list | grep None | head -10
An API server is used to provide an interface to communicate with the cloud infrastructure or the external world.
It can be retrieved by using the below command:
~# openstack console url show {instance-id}
Endpoints of Openstack services are classified as:
To view endpoints of each OpenStack service, the below command is used
~# openstack catalog list
To list the endpoints of a specific service, the below command is used
~# openstack catalog show keystone
The hosts get partitioned into groups of cells when the cell functionality gets enabled. These cells are arranged as trees and they have the ability to scale up the OpenStack cloud in a simpler way.
The services that run on a controller node are:
Explore OpenStack Sample Resumes Download & Edit, Get Noticed by Top Employers! |
VMs, by default, are stored in
“/var/lib/nova/instances”
The command to spin a virtual machine from a command-line interface is
#openstack server create --flavor {flavor-name} --image {Image-Name-Or-Image-ID} --nic net-id={Network-ID} --security-group {Security_Group_ID} –key-name {Keypair-Name} <VM_Name>
Yes, we can see the list of roles and associated IDs by using keystone role-list
Project/tenant can be assigned to a user by writing the command Sudo nova-manage user create user-name
Name | Dates | |
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OpenStack Training | Oct 15 to Oct 30 | View Details |
OpenStack Training | Oct 19 to Nov 03 | View Details |
OpenStack Training | Oct 22 to Nov 06 | View Details |
OpenStack Training | Oct 26 to Nov 10 | View Details |
Ravindra Savaram is a Technical Lead at Mindmajix.com. His passion lies in writing articles on the most popular IT platforms including Machine learning, DevOps, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, RPA, Deep Learning, and so on. You can stay up to date on all these technologies by following him on LinkedIn and Twitter.